Pursuits

India's $1 Trillion Hidden Economy Has Stalled

  • Cash ban cuts supply chains in Varanasi, Modi’s political base
  • Informal economy estimated to account for 46% of India’s GDP

A weaver works on a handloom to make a silk saree at a workshop in Kotwa village in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, on Thursday Dec. 8, 2016.

Photographer: Dhiraj Singh/Bloomberg
Lock
This article is for subscribers only.

In Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s political base of Varanasi, Hinduism’s holiest city, weaver Zainul Abedin stares at the uneven mud floor of his home. Behind him, more than a dozen handlooms lie idle.

Abedin is part of the collateral damage of Modi’s Nov. 8 decision to ban high-value currency notes, effectively canceling 86 percent of cash in circulation. The move was designed to stifle corruption and tax evasion, but many of the hardest-hit are workers in India’s vast and intricate informal economy -- the small businesses, shops, drivers and countless other basic industries and services that employ more than 90 percent of Indian workers.