How Pakistan’s Military Became Even More Powerful

The military has long shaped the political system of Pakistan, which is often described as a hybrid civilian-military power structure. While the military last ruled in 2008, its influence in the nuclear-armed nation has been growing in recent years. A new constitutional amendment could further tip the scales in its favor.

Under changes approved by lawmakers in mid-November, Field Marshal Asim Munir has been given lifelong immunity from prosecution and his authority has been expanded from army chief to controlling all three branches of the military. Munir is widely considered the most powerful figure in Pakistan, having the final word on critical matters including foreign policy and the economy.