What Is the Chips Act? Why Does Trump Want to Change It?

A Samsung Electronics Co. 12-layer HBM3E memory chip on a monitor at the Semiconductor Exhibition in Seoul, South Korea, on Oct. 23, 2024.Photographer: SeongJoon Cho/Bloomberg
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President Donald Trump’s trade war and efforts to bring manufacturing back to US shores have put one of his predecessor’s signature achievements on the firing line: the Chips and Science Act.

Signed by Joe Biden in 2022, the bipartisan law is Washington’s $52 billion bid to revitalize the American semiconductor industry. The goal is to reduce US reliance on Asia for the tiny components that are the lifeblood of the modern economy, found in smartphones and missiles alike.