Biotech Went Through Its IPO Boom. Now the Shakeout Is Underway

  • Industry stock gauge has fallen for the past two years
  • Public debuts cooled last year after flood of new firms

Technicians use a protein purification unit in a laboratory in Bengaluru, India.

Photographer: Samyukta Lakshmi/Bloomberg
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The biotech industry is in shake-out mode after the ranks of public drug developers swelled in recent years amid an IPO boom.

A scrum for capital among the expanded pool of companies and the make-or-break nature of clinical trials drove a contraction in the number of public biotechs last year, with some scooped up by larger rivals while others shuttered. As the sector stabilizes after last year’s slump, a divergence in fortunes is taking center stage.