When Europe’s Proposed Carbon Rules Hit Oil Guzzling Industries

The EU’s sweeping proposals to curb greenhouse emissions are likely to upend the continent’s oil demand over the years and decades to come. Here’s a run through the plans -- and key timings -- for aviation, shipping and makers of road-fuel.

It’s important to remember that the proposals come from the European Commission and still require endorsement from both EU member states -- like France and Germany -- and the European Parliament to become laws. The whole process usually takes about two years, sometimes longer.