The Ugly Human Experiments Behind the Medical Ethics Police

German doctors on trial at Nuremberg after the end of World War II. Source: Planet News Archive/SSPL/Getty Images

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The Nazis timed concentration camp inmates as they struggled in the snow to see how long humans could endure the cold.

Not much later, in Macon County, Alabama, black men with syphilis were deprived of penicillin when it became available. The U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with the Tuskegee Institute wished to keep studying the effect of the disease on their brains and bodies.