Trump’s Executive Orders, Explained

Directs the Commerce Department to speed up reviewing and issuing permits for offshore mineral exploration and mining, and orders the Interior Department to establish a process for licensing seabed mining in US waters.

The order is intended to accelerate offshore mining and open new opportunities for extracting critical materials from the ocean floor despite the objections of environmentalists. The move comes as China has clamped down on rare earth and mineral exports to the US over Trump’s trade war.

Opens a more than 400,000-square-mile protected marine zone in the Pacific Ocean to commercial fishing. It allows US-flagged ships to fish commercially within 50 to 200 nautical miles of the Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument boundaries.

The protected area was established under President George W. Bush in 2009 and expanded under President Barack Obama in 2014. Environmental groups have said commercial fishing there would threaten a network of fragile reefs, open ocean and islands.

Aims to establish a sunset clause for any kind of energy regulation as well as a comment period around the cost.

Trump has touted himself as an oil-and-gas president; by rolling back regulations, he’s aiming to boost fossil fuel production.

Relaxes rules on water limits in shower heads.

Trump has long complained about regulation of shower heads as an example of government overreach. The original order was put in place under former President Barack Obama. Critics say consumers will face higher water and electrical bills without the regulations.

Directs the Energy Department to tap “all available power generation resources” to support the grid and also create a plan should parts of it fail.

In January, Trump declared an energy emergency to give himself expanded powers to direct energy policy. This order could set the stage to keep unprofitable coal and nuclear plants operating.

The order lifts barriers to coal mining on federal land, exempts coal plants from environmental study and identifies policies that are anti-coal.

Trump, aiming to expand the mining and use of coal, cited the rising need for energy to power AI data centers — yet coal is one of the dirtiest fossil fuels.

Rolls back a President Joe Biden-era EPA regulation that made mercury and air toxin standards more stringent for coal plants. Trump says coal-generated electricity is essential for energy security.

Burning coal releases carbon, mercury and other hazardous substances into the air. Trump’s move to cancel these more stringent rules around air pollution allows the dirtiest coal plants to continue operating.

Orders the Department of Justice to take action against any states that impose fines on fossil fuel companies for emissions. The order tells the DOJ to prioritize targeting state efforts around climate justice and climate change.

The order follows through with Trump’s campaign promise to support oil and gas, and singles out actions and laws in New York and California.

Order invokes Cold War-era powers to help boost US mineral and — potentially — coal production. The order aims to provide faster permitting for mining and processing, as well as financing, loans and other investment support for domestic production of minerals and rare earth elements.

The rare earths targeted in the order are increasingly key components of electric cars and defense systems, with China controlling the vast majority of US imports. With a focus on expanding domestic production, Trump is continuing to square off against the world’s second-largest economy.

Creates a National Energy Dominance Council within the Executive Office of the President and tasks it with developing plans for producing more energy by “cutting red tape, enhancing private sector investments” and “seeking to eliminate longstanding, but unnecessary, regulation.”

Trump’s decision to create a White House panel dedicated to energy dominance shows the significance of the issue to his economic agenda. While Trump said the council is meant to address all forms of energy, the order creating it omits any reference to wind or solar power, even as it comprehensively lists other fuels.

Directs federal agencies not to buy paper straws.

The order takes on a popular environmental effort to replace single-use plastic wherever possible.

Restores drilling rights in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and directs the Interior Department to rescind Biden’s restrictions on development in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska.

This order directly targets some actions by the previous administration and underscores Trump’s push to harness oil, gas and mineral resources in Alaska.

Routes more water from northern California southward to the Central Valley and southern California, and takes aim at policies protecting wildlife, such as the endangered Delta smelt.

This restarts efforts from Trump’s first term and appears to reward a California constituency: farmers.

Memo freezes new permits for both onshore and offshore wind developments, and rules out the sale of new wind leases across all of the nation’s coastal waters.

While wind power developers were expecting challenges under the new administration, the scope of Trump’s day-one order took many aback. While cast as a “temporary” pause in offshore wind leasing, it’s actually indefinite — and could be permanent. Trump invoked a federal law that allows presidents to bar offshore energy leasing, without explicitly authorizing them to reinstate the activity.

Orders the US withdrawal from the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, removes US financial support for a decades-old UN agreement that underpins the Paris pact and revokes a Biden-era blueprint for providing billions in climate finance for developing countries.

This order continues to turn US policy toward promoting fossil fuel production and away from fighting climate change. The withdrawal won’t take effect for one year.

Instructs agencies to pursue “energy exploration and production” while taking aim at energy efficiency standards on household appliances and regulations that compel electric vehicle sales.

This order sets the stage for unraveling many of Biden’s climate policies, including a regulation curbing auto pollution that’s so strict automakers are effectively compelled to sell more electric vehicles. However, Trump can’t unilaterally undo tax credits for EVs and renewable power enshrined in federal law; that’s the purview of Congress.

Declares that the US is in the grip of an energy emergency and directs federal agencies to facilitate the production of more oil, natural gas and electricity.

Trump leverages the wartime Defense Production Act in a bid to boost production while directing agencies to use other emergency powers to expedite the permitting of energy projects. Trump’s target is “energy” but the order makes clear that while that encompasses oil, gas, nuclear power and some other sources, it does not include wind and solar energy.

The memo orders an investigation into Democratic online fundraising platform ActBlue, accusing it of violating federal election laws. The memo doesn’t cite any evidence of wrongdoing.

The directive is one of a litany Trump has issued since taking office targeting his political opponents. Since its founding in 2004, ActBlue has raised more than $16.8 billion for Democratic issues and candidates. Republicans argue ActBlue’s online platform makes it possible for foreign donors to make fraudulent donations.

Directs the Department of Education to require universities and colleges to more clearly disclose foreign funding greater than $250,000, and requires the DOJ to investigate any institutions that don’t comply with the order.

After the order was announced, the department announced it was investigating the University of California, Berkeley; Harvard University is also under investigation.

Directs the Education Department to review higher education accreditation services that certify those programs to employers and loan providers. Accreditors that fail to meet certain standards could be stripped of their authority. The order mandates the department resume approving new accreditors. The order also targets DEI data by directing universities to assess student progress without regard for gender or race.

Trump has targeted higher education institutions through several orders. Some in his administration, especially Vice President JD Vance, have argued universities and colleges are hostile to conservative voices.

The order revokes earlier guidance, implemented under Biden, governing how school administrators could discipline students. It also bans programs, long criticized by conservatives, that aim to address inequalities in disciplinary actions against students.

The directive continues Trump’s effort to remove any consideration of race and inequality in federal policies.

Establishes a task force on AI education with the aim of creating private-public partnerships to provide resources for K-12 education in AI.

Trump’s move to incorporate AI into the classroom is aimed at maintaining the country’s lead in AI development and training. Critics are concerned about data collection of children.

Eliminates disparate-impact liability — a key legal component of the 1964 Civil Rights Act — from federal civil rights enforcement. It also directs the Attorney General to “repeal or amend” Title VI of the law, which allows people to challenge policies that may appear neutral but harm some groups, without having to prove discrimination outright.

The order is part of Trump’s anti-DEI campaign. Critics say it’s unconstitutional since the law was enacted by Congress and it will hurt marginalized groups across workplaces, schools and other areas.

Calls on the Departments of Education, Commerce and Labor to establish a refreshed workforce development plan for federal workers and an expanded apprenticeship program, plus student aid.

The order was part of a flurry of education directives from the White House aimed at boosting technological training for future jobs.

Creates a task force within the White House to support HCBUs instead of the Department of Education. The order reiterates a commitment to HCBUs and calls for increased private partnerships to boost funding.

Critics of the order say it didn’t go far enough to specify the amount of federal funding for the schools.

Directs the Commerce Department to look into revising or rescinding regulations it considers a burden on commercial fishing and fish-processing industries. It orders the National Marine Fisheries Service to modernize how it collects data and oversees fishery management. Trump’s action also establishes an America First Seafood Strategy to boost exports and address what the administration characterizes as unfair competition from imported seafood. Trump also ordered a review of all marine national monuments to assess opening them to commercial fishing.

The White House cast this executive order and the proclamation opening up once-protected areas of the Pacific Ocean as necessary to increase the competitiveness of the country’s seafood industry. The orders largely reflect similar deregulatory actions for other industries, such as oil and gas. Environmentalists warn that loosening these regulations put ecosystems at risk.

The order directs the Health Secretary to work with Congress to revise a Biden-era Medicare drug price negotiation program. The order aims to address differential treatment for a certain class of drugs that treat things like blood pressure, which are up for price negotiation seven years after approval. More complicated drugs are up for negotiation 11 years from FDA approval. The sprawling order also looks to address the role of drug-pricing middlemen, improve drug imports, identify anti-competitive behaviors and rework some aspects of Medicare payments.

Trump’s order comes as his sweeping reciprocal tariffs threaten to raise drug prices in the US. Pharmaceutical companies and lobbyists say the drug negotiation disparity warps incentives for drug development.

Citing Susman Godfrey LLP’s DEI programs for law students, the order restricts lawyers’ access to government buildings and directs agencies to terminate federal contracts with Susman clients.

Susman Godfrey filed legal action against Trump’s order, the latest to target a law firm that the president considers a political opponent. The firm represented Dominion Voting Systems in a defamation suit against Fox News and other news outlets for saying its machines were integral to a conspiracy in the 2020 election to steal votes from Trump.

The order singles out the former head of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Christopher Krebs, for allegedly silencing conservative voices. It directs agencies to strip Krebs and the cybersecurity firm where he works, SentinelOne, of security clearances and business with the government.

Krebs, who served in Trump’s first administration, is another target in his retribution campaign. Krebs criticized Trump’s denial of the 2020 election and testified to the congressional Jan. 6 committee. It’s the first time Trump has used his executive office to target a cybersecurity firm and effectively puts a single person at the center of an investigation. For his part, Krebs, who currently works at Sentinel One, has said he intends to fight the order.

Directs the DOJ to suspend security clearances for Miles Taylor and people at entities associated with Taylor, including the University of Pennsylvania.

The action was the latest by Trump to target an individual he views as a political enemy. Taylor served in the Department of Homeland Security in Trump’s first administration and wrote a scathing, anonymous op-ed in the New York Times in 2018 that was critical of the White House. That op-ed later became a book.

Orders another review of the sale of United States Steel Corp. to Nippon Steel Corp., opening the door to amend a decision by his predecessor, Joe Biden, to block the $14.1 billion transaction. A report from a panel of reviewers is due in 45 days from the order.

The order potentially gives new life for the deal that was blocked by the Biden administration on national security concerns. The United Steelworkers union has lobbied against the sale, which supporters say could help revitalize US Steel.

Extends a delay on a ban of TikTok if its US operations remain under Chinese ownership. Trump had already extended a delay on a ban on the social video platform when he was inaugurated.

In 2024, Congress voted overwhelmingly to require ByteDance Ltd. to divest its US unit or the app would be banned in the US. Trump unilaterally suspended the ban in an effort to find a US-based buyer for the platform. This latest order gives the administration 75 days to arrange a deal.

Directs the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice to ensure that competition laws are enforced in the concert and entertainment industry and pushes state consumer protection authorities on enforcement and ticketing transparency.

Under Biden, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau had a prominent role in cracking down on hidden or surprise charges for consumers. That agency has since been gutted by Trump.

Creates a task force to focus on crime, homelessness and deportations in Washington, DC.

Trump has signaled he would try to take over Washington if local officials didn’t do a satisfactory job addressing what he says is rampant crime and lawlessness.

Suspends security clearances, restricts access to federal buildings and ends government contracts for Robert Mueller’s former law firm WilmerHale.

Trump has used executive actions to attack political opponents and law firms. Mueller, who investigated possible collusion between Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign and Russia, worked at the firm.

Suspends any security clearances for the firm and terminates any contracts with government agencies.

The order targets yet another law firm Trump views as a political enemy. Jenner & Block assisted onetime special counsel Robert Mueller’s investigations into the Trump campaign and Russian election interference.

Releases documents from the FBI’s investigation of Russian meddling in the 2016 presidential campaigns.

Trump continues to use executive orders for revenge, attacking what he sees as a deep-rooted government conspiracy against him.

Revokes security clearances and access to classified information to former President Joe Biden, his family and several people from his administration, notably former Secretary of State Antony Blinken and former National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan. It also applies the limits to people Trump sees as political enemies, such as Letitia James, Alvin Bragg, Alexander Vindman, Hillary Clinton, Elizabeth Cheney and Kamala Harris. It also limits Lisa Monaco, Norman Eisen, Adam Kinzinger, Fiona Hill and attorneys Andrew Weissmann and Mark Zaid.

Trump appears to be seeking retribution against those who either brought legal challenges against him or those he views as political enemies and rivals.

The memo instructs the attorney general and DOJ to target firms and lawyers who bring suits over immigration or any kind of “unethical” or “frivolous” suits as deemed by the administration.

Trump has targeted law firms with executive orders, and this memo increases the pressure. Legal advocates say it will almost certainly have a chilling effect.

Trump rescinded an earlier action after the law firm Paul Weiss agreed to donate $40 million in pro bono work to initiatives that align with the Trump administration and remove DEI from its hiring practices.

Trump has targeted law firms he perceives as interfering with his administration. While many have fought the orders, Paul Weiss’ decision to cut a deal underscores the expense and pressure that Trump is able to inflict on his political opponents.

Directs federal agencies to ditch contracts with companies who are the firm’s clients and suspend lawyers’ security clearances.

Law firms representing Trump’s political enemies have been on the receiving end of his ire in office. Perkins Coie and Covington & Burling were both targeted in previous executive actions. An elite Wall Street firm, Paul Weiss worked on cases related to the Jan. 6, 2021 riot at the US Capitol and has ties to the attorney who led the Manhattan district attorney’s investigation of Trump.

The sweeping order repeals several executive actions from the Biden administration. It rescinded a minimum wage increase for federal contractors, as well as orders promoting workers’ right to organize and promote labor standards. It also revokes an order directing data collection around Covid-19 and future pandemics.

Trump continues to push for the reversal of Biden-era actions that don’t align with his views.

Establishes a working group — with the president at the helm — to plan the logistics of the 2026 FIFA World Cup hosted by the US, Canada and Mexico.

The creation of the task force comes as Trump is escalating tariffs on the top US trading partners, who are also hosting the tournament. Trump said that the “tension” would make the competition “much more exciting.”

The order restricts eligibility for the public service student loan forgiveness program, targeting individuals whose work for nonprofit organizations clashes with the administration’s policies.

The loan forgiveness program was created in 2007 for people working in public-service roles, such as teachers, nurses and nonprofit workers. After 10 years of payments, their outstanding debts could be forgiven. The Biden administration sought to expand the program and other student loan reforms.

The order revokes security clearances for the firm and orders investigations of other unnamed law firms over their diversity programs.

Perkins Coie represented Hillary Clinton’s 2016 campaign. Trump has used his executive power to attack those whom he perceives as political opponents. A judge temporarily blocked parts of the order.

The directive speeds up the regulatory permitting process, and opens up forests for more harvesting of timber salvage.

Trump has argued that the Los Angeles wildfires were caused by poor forest management — not climate change — and he’s criticized California’s environmental practices. The move is almost certain to get pushback from environmental groups. Trump made this announcement the same time he ordered a study of lumber imports that could trigger tariffs.

Makes English the official language of the US.

The US has never had an official language, and the order rescinds a Bill Clinton-era directive that required federal agencies to provide assistance to non-English speakers, though it doesn’t bar them from doing so. Some critics say this order is a victory for anti-immigrant sentiment.

Suspends security clearances and government work for Covington & Burling.

The law firm has aided former Special Counsel Jack Smith, who brought two criminal cases against the president. Trump has used his executive power to attack perceived political opponents.

Directs the Health and Human Services, as well as the Treasury and Labor Departments, to enforce rules from Trump’s first-term that required hospitals and health insurers to publicly disclose their prices.

The first term efforts had limited success, though patient advocates said the move for more transparent pricing was a step in the right direction. The health care industry has been less enthusiastic.

Directs the administration to suggest policy recommendations to lower health plan and out-of-pocket costs for in vitro fertilization.

Trump has faced criticism that his abortion policies will also limit IVF, especially after the Alabama Supreme Court ruled frozen embryos could be considered children in 2024.

Cuts off federal funding for schools that require the Covid-19 vaccine for in-person learning.

Trump has cast Covid-19 vaccine mandates as an incursion on personal freedoms. In a previous executive order, he reinstated military members who were dismissed for refusing the vaccine.

Establishes a commission chaired by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to address childhood health and wellness. Within 100 days, it will assess the “childhood chronic disease crisis” and offer a plan in 180 days.

The commission is a first step for Kennedy, whose vaccine skepticism and unorthodox views on public health could upend the country’s health care system.

Asks the DOJ to review firearms rules and regulations, especially those imposed by the Biden administration.

The order sets up a reversal of several gun control laws, including efforts to tighten background checks. Biden took a range of actions to tackle gun violence and signed the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act in June 2022.

Creates a task force to examine and rectify anti-Christian policies and practices in government.

Trump said this order was intended to preserve religious freedom, though critics say it does the opposite by singling out one religion over others.

Bans transgender women from participating in female sports.

Rolling back transgender rights was central to Trump’s election campaign. After it was announced, the NCAA — the collegiate sports governing body —said it would bar transgender women from female events. There is at least one lawsuit challenging the order on behalf of transgender students.

Orders the FAA to review its safety guidelines and protocol a day after a deadly, mid-air collision between a passenger jet and military helicopter near Washington’s Reagan National Airport.

Trump immediately blamed the crash, which killed 67 people, on declining standards at the FAA caused by diversity initiatives, without providing any evidence.

Directs federal agencies to review and report within 60 days on options for combating antisemitism. It calls for the Department of Justice to stop what it describes as “vile anti-Semitic discrimination, vandalism, and violence against our citizens,” especially on campuses, and encourages colleges to “monitor for and report activities by alien students and staff.”

The order is a response to protests on many college campuses against Israel’s war in Gaza after the Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas attack, and dovetails with Trump’s immigration focus by targeting foreign students.

Restricts funding for schools teaching “radical gender ideology and critical race theory,” requires a plan from the Department of Education on ending “indoctrination in K-12 education” and reinstates the 1776 Commission.

This order takes aim at doctrines that see racism as inherent in western societies, and gender as fluid. It backs the 1776 Commission, a body that presents a conservative-oriented view of US history, which critics say minimizes the role of slavery.

Opens funding for school-choice programs and orders agencies to give states guidance on how to provide funding to private and faith-based schools. It also calls on the US attorney general to pursue teachers and school officials who promote “social transition” practices without a medical license, according to the fact sheet.

This further reinforces the administration’s position that parents, rather than administrators or government officials, should control their children’s education and school choices.

Halts federal funds for gender-affirming care for children younger than 19 as well as funding to hospitals or medical schools that provide such services.

This builds on the administration’s broader view that people cannot take on a gender identity at odds with their sex at birth. Multiple judges have temporarily blocked the administration from cutting off funds to institutions that provide this care.

Asserts more federal government control over water management decisions in California and orders US officials to override local authorities.

Trump has conflated the water shortages encountered during the Los Angeles fires with California’s unrelated water allocation plans, which have been criticized by the state’s farmers.

Creates a task force to review the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

This is in response to unfounded claims that FEMA didn’t help North Carolina residents after Hurricane Helene because it had spent money on housing undocumented migrants instead of storm victims, as well as accusations that it withheld aid to perceived Trump supporters.

Calls for agencies to develop and submit a plan in 180 days to “sustain and enhance America’s global AI dominance in order to promote human flourishing, economic competitiveness, and national security”

Trump framed his order as reversing a Biden policy that the White House said stifled AI innovation with “burdensome” regulatory requirements.

Directs the interior secretary to submit a plan that assists North Carolina’s Lumbee tribe with obtaining federal recognition.

The step moves the group closer to a long-sought designation that would open the door to certain types of government funding.

Orders the FAA to end diversity initiatives in its hiring.

This is part of Trump’s broader efforts to dismantle diversity, equity and inclusion programs in the federal government.

Orders national security officials to present a plan to fully declassify documents related to the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy and civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.

Trump is seeking the full release of the remaining records of JFK’s killing, which have been withheld for various intelligence, security or privacy reasons.

Calls on the interior secretary to take steps to rename the Gulf of Mexico as the Gulf of America, and to rename Denali as Mount McKinley.

The gulf renaming reflects Trump’s America First messaging, and the reinstatement of Mount McKinley undoes a President Barack Obama-era directive to use the local name for the mountain. Trump has also praised President McKinley for using tariffs.

Prohibits federal officials from using taxpayer dollars to abridge free speech, and instructs the attorney general to investigate for possible First Amendment violations during the Biden administration.

Trump allies have accused the Biden administration of pressuring social media companies to remove or block some GOP-friendly content, particularly around Covid-19 and other highly politicized issues.

Temporarily halts a ban on TikTok in the US, granting the company and its Chinese parent ByteDance Ltd. an additional 75 days to sell to a US-based owner.

Trump has become one of TikTok’s biggest defenders, citing his popularity on the app during the election. He has sought a deal that would keep TikTok operating in the US and hinted at partial government ownership.

Instructs the attorney general to pursue the death penalty for anyone who’s killed a law enforcement officer and for “a capital crime committed by an alien illegally present in this country.”

This order appears partly intended to demonstrate Trump’s aggressive approach to illegal immigration and the perceived threat to public safety.

Pardoned convictions and dismissed pending cases for more than 1,500 people charged in the siege of the US Capitol. It also commuted the sentences of 14 people.

This sweeping order was among the first Trump signed, ending speculation — even among his allies — that he might withhold clemency from people convicted of assaulting police officers.

The order aims to establish a procedure to determine which tariffs should apply to items that might be subject to multiple or “stacking” tariffs.

The move is intended to clarify how a host of tariffs on steel, aluminum and other products will work together.

Revises previously announced tariffs on imported vehicles. While the 25% tariff on imported cars and auto parts will go ahead as planned on May 3, the order aims to reduce the “stacking” of separate duties such as those for steel or aluminum. Autos that are assembled in the US will also be eligible for partial reimbursement from some tariffs.

The White House called Trump’s auto tariff rollback part of a larger win on his trade policy. Critics say he’s cleaning up a mess he made by implementing steep duties in the first place.

Launches a study into the need for tariffs on rare minerals for national security reasons.

Rare earth minerals are crucial for electronics and electric vehicles. Trump’s order comes as China — the top source for US mineral imports — curbed exports in response to his trade war.

Adds a series of exemptions for consumer electronics to Trump’s 125% tariff on China and a 10% flat rate around the globe.

Trump’s trade war has thrown markets and industries into turmoil. Trump nonetheless downplayed these exemptions for phones, computers and other consumer electronics, indicating he’d push for tariffs on them at a later time.

Pauses reciprocal tariffs on trading partners for 90 days while leaving a 10% baseline tariff in place. Citing China’s retaliatory tariffs, it raises duties on China only.

After stock and bond markets slid, Trump announced his reversal of his tariff plan in a post on social media. Market responses are still volatile, and economists have warned that Trump’s tariffs could throw the US into recession.

Amends tariffs on Chinese goods imported into the US from 34% to 84%. It also raises tariffs on small goods sent to Americans via the post.

In the escalating trade war, Trump and China dug in raising cumulative tariffs on each other over the course of a few days. Economists say the tit-for-tat risks economic growth in both countries and could send the US into recession.

The order closes a loophole that exempts packages from China and Hong Kong worth less than $800 from tariffs. It goes into effect May 2 and will either be 30% of the package value or $25 an item until June 1, when it increases to $50.

Chinese companies such as Shien and Temu ship products directly to American consumers rather than operate retail stores or distribution centers closer to the US. Consumers may change their spending habits if prices increase.

Trump’s tariff plan will apply a minimum 10% tariff on all exporters to the US and slap additional duties on around 60 nations with the largest trade imbalances with the US. They include China with a 54% total tariff, the EU at a 20% rate, Vietnam at a 46% levy, and Japan at 24%. Taiwan, the biggest market for semiconductors, will face a reciprocal tariff of 32%. Notably, Canada and Mexico, which already face separate tariffs, are exempt from this order, as are some big sectors including steel and automobiles.

Trump has argued that the solution to returning industry to the US is to impose duties on trading partners. Despite Trump’s insistence, economists say the plan will slow US growth and risks hurting the global economy. Markets cratered on Trump’s announcement.

Establishes an office in the Commerce Department to organize and speed up investments of more than $1 billion in the US and administer federal funds from the bipartisan Chips Act.

The Chips Act is one of the centerpieces of Biden’s legacy, and Trump has frequently lambasted the effort, which was designed to bring technological manufacturing back to the US from Asia. The $52 billion semiconductor subsidy program has spurred more than $400 billion in investments, but Trump says his tariffs and approach to regulation would be better.

Places a 25% tariff on imported autos starting April 3 and by May 3 expands to include auto parts like engines and transmissions.

Trump’s auto tariffs are escalating his trade war. Almost immediately, Canada and Europe pledged to hit back, drawing another threat from Trump who suggested he’d impose further tariffs on their goods. Carmakers, meanwhile, saw their share prices slide.

Imposes a 25% tariff on any country importing Venezuelan oil or gas from April 2 on.

The order is part of a broader effort by Trump to pressure the Nicolás Maduro government over immigration. Venezuela has pushed back on accepting flights of deported immigrants, and has been “hostile” to the US, according to the Trump administration.

Orders the creation of a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and a separate stockpile of other digital assets. Both will contain crypto forfeited as part of legal proceedings. The order authorizes the Treasury and Commerce departments to develop strategies that are “budget neutral” for buying more Bitcoin.

Once a crypto skeptic, Trump became a believer during his campaign, and even started his own memecoin just before returning to the White House. While the order projects Trump’s confidence in crypto, critics abound—and Bitcoin plunged after the announcement.

The order exempts Canadian and Mexican goods covered by the North American trade agreement known as USMCA from Trump’s 25% tariffs until April 2.

In February, Trump announced a 10% tariff on all Mexican and Canadian goods. After a push by the three biggest US carmakers, this order provides a temporary reprieve in Trump’s trade war. The White House has repeatedly said that tariffs will bring jobs back to the US, though the economic uncertainty and tit-for-tat nature of the duties have roiled markets and businesses.

Doubles the level of tariffs placed on China in Feb. 1 order to 20%.

The order says China had “not taken adequate steps” to address the flow of fentanyl to the US. Beijing retaliated by imposing tariffs as high as 15%, mainly on agricultural shipments like soybeans, beef and fruit.

The orders amend suspended measures from Feb. 1 imposing tariffs on Mexico and Canada. The amendments give time for authorities to handle the collection of 25% tariffs on parcels worth less than $800 that had been exempt from duties.

Trump made a similar move on parcels from China after authorities realized there was no system in place for the postal service and other carriers to handle tariffs on small parcels, many of which are associated with online shopping.

Requires study of lumber products, with special focus to see if other countries such as Germany, Brazil and Canada are dumping imports into the US market. The order requires officials to look into the impact of foreign government subsidies, predatory trade practices, and derivative products, like kitchen cabinets from China.

Trump’s indicated he’d like a 25% duty on lumber imports and this study sets the stage for future tariffs. The US and Canada have had a long-running battle over lumber, which the US accuses Canadian mills of dumping in the US at artificially low prices. But US construction companies say the tariffs will lead to higher costs for building housing, another Trump priority.

Directs the US Commerce Department to explore tariffs on copper, casting it as a national security issue. The order also looks to study the feasibility of growing domestic copper production and mining.

Copper is a crucial metal used widely in electrical wiring. It’s also one where China has clear dominance, accounting for about 44% of the world’s refined copper last year. Chile is the US’s biggest import source.

Makes sweeping changes to US trade policy aimed at containing China. Directs the Committee on Foreign Investment to restrict Chinese investments and focus on speeding up US allies’ projects. Also asks agencies to “determine if adequate financial auditing standards are upheld for companies covered by the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act.”

The memo is another broadside against China, and could kick off a fight over delisting Chinese and American companies. The order also aims to limit Chinese investment in US infrastructure and technology.

Reviews taxes and tariffs on US goods, especially digital services taxes (DSTs) on the gross revenue of online ads and sales. Requires the US Trade Representative to reopen investigations into digital tax services from Trump’s first term.

This aligns with much of Trump’s “America First” trade policy and opens the door for the administration to levy new tariffs and fines.

Introduces Trump’s trade plan by asking agencies to review trade deals, tariffs and any practices that “imposes any unfair limitation on market access or any structural impediment to fair competition” in the US.

This sets the stage for the broadest tariffs Trump has threatened so far. Trump has said he plans to start introducing “reciprocal tariffs” on April 2 that would impose tariffs on countries based on all the trade barriers including tariffs, taxes and regulation that US goods face. His aides are now considering how high those US tariffs will be and how to impose them.

Puts a 25% tariff on all US imports of aluminum, including finished metal products. It is set to take effect March 12.

Like the steel levies, the broad-reaching tariff is likely to lead to higher prices for consumers and inspire retaliation from some US trading partners.

Puts a 25% tariff on all US imports of steel, including finished metal products. It is set to take effect March 12.

Trump wants to boost domestic production and support US jobs. Consumers will likely feel the impact as the metals targeted are used in everything from automobiles to window frames and skyscrapers.

Directs government officials to create a sovereign wealth fund. Officials must submit a plan to Trump within 90 days.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has said the fund will be created in the next 12 months. Trump proposed the fund during his presidential campaign, and has suggested it could be used to purchase the China-based video platform TikTok.

Temporarily suspends 25% tariffs on Mexico until March 4.

The threat of tariffs still looms large over the nation’s North American trading partners, but the delay offers temporary reprieve in a quickly escalating trade war.

Temporarily suspends 25% tariffs on most Canadian goods and a 10% levy on Canadian energy until March 4.

The delay injects more uncertainty into an already uncertain policy picture. Economists expect the tariffs, alongside those with Mexico and other countries, to increase costs for American consumers.

Adds a 10% tariff on imports from China. Exclusion under de minimis rules — duty-free treatment for shipments under $800 — was initially suspended but later reinstated.

Trump’s new tariffs on China are much broader than the ones he imposed during his first term and cover many popular consumer products. China has already announced retaliatory tariffs against the US.

Levies 25% tariffs on most goods imported from Canada. Energy imports are subject to a 10% duty. These levies have been delayed a month by a Feb. 3 executive order.

Trump’s tariffs are aimed at drug smuggling from Canada, but they represent a major blow to the free-trade area that has existed in North America since the 1990s.

Levies 25% tariffs on most imported goods from Mexico. These levies have been delayed a month by a Feb. 3 executive order.

Trump ordered tariffs on one of the country’s closest trading partners, a move he says is because Mexico has failed to stem the flow of undocumented immigrants and illicit drugs.

Creates a working group to explore cryptocurrency policies and propose criteria for a national digital asset stockpile. Bans agencies from developing central bank digital currencies in the US or abroad.

Once a crypto skeptic, Trump has embraced digital currencies — including his own memecoin — as he curries favor among the technology’s wealthy, anti-establishment supporters.

Asks government officials to review and assess current trade agreements, look for unfair trade practices and recommend action, like tariffs, for the US.

Sets the stage for tariffs and other protectionist actions against US trading partners.

Declares that a 2021 agreement among roughly 140 countries, which included a minimum global corporate tax, has no force in the US.

Though the agreement was never ratified by Congress, the executive order upends years of work by countries to reform how large multinational corporations are taxed around the world.

Directs government agencies “to deliver emergency price relief,” including for housing and health care, as well as eliminating climate policies that drive up energy prices.

Trump wants to deliver quickly on promises to ease the shock of price increases that have accumulated since the pandemic.

Repeals current guidelines around probationary periods. The order states that new hires don’t automatically get full-time status unless the agencies they work for review them and approve their employment at the end of the probationary period.

The order makes it easier for Trump to fire new hires, which he’s been trying to do as part of his effort to decrease the size of the federal government.

Extends a ban on new hiring for the federal government.

Trump’s original hiring freeze took effect the day he was inaugurated. The continuation reinforces the White House’s goal of drastically shrinking the federal workforce.

Directs agencies use commercially available products when available.

The order is another step in Trump’s effort to remake the way the federal government operates, all the way down to buying off-the-shelf goods.

Revokes orders from former Presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton that prioritized the location of federal buildings in historic or downtown districts.

In March, the White House floated selling hundreds of federal buildings, including cabinet headquarters. It also has sought to cancel federal leases and is exploring ways to reduce more than $17 billion in deferred maintenance costs in older buildings.

Orders various agencies to revise federal procurement rules in an effort to streamline government operations.

The order is in line with Trump and DOGE’s efforts to save money and push for greater efficiency.

Directs agencies to eliminate paper applications and review processes while leveraging new technology to speed up approval of infrastructure projects. Trump cites roads, bridges, mines, factories and power plants in the memo.

The directive is part of a broader effort by the Trump administration to cut red tape for infrastructure projects.

The memo orders agencies to use the “good clause” exemption to skip comment periods and repeal regulations that the administration considers unlawful under Supreme Court decisions.

Trump’s memo aims to bypass a typical rulemaking process that can take years. Some experts warn Trump’s approach of unilateral action will potentially create precedents and draw legal scrutiny.

Orders agencies and the Federal Trade Commission to review regulations and identify any that create monopolies, unnecessary barriers, limit competition or unduly burden companies.

The order is part of the White House’s deregulatory agenda. Some experts say it will be a boon to companies while others caution consumers may lose protections.

Orders a number of agencies to end collective bargaining and union agreements, citing their “national security” and intelligence roles. The order targets a large swath of agencies, including the energy and Treasury departments and divisions of Health and Human Services.

Trump’s latest attack on organized labor comes as he tries to cut the federal workforce and eliminate agencies outright.

Directs the vice president to oversee the removal of DEI references from the Smithsonian Institution, a network of museums and research centers that’s not formally part of the federal government. It also orders the Department of the Interior to review if any public monuments have been removed for DEI reasons and directs a “restoration” of Independence Hall in Philadelphia.

Trump has already targeted long-standing diversity efforts across federal agencies and installed himself as the head of Washington’s Kennedy Center, one of the nation’s premier institutions. By targeting the Smithsonian, Trump is signaling he’s expanding his efforts to scrub diversity and equity from not just the government but American culture too.

Requires the national voter registration system to ask registrants to affirm they are US citizens. It would also reduce grants for states to update their election-related cybersecurity and voting equipment if the administration deems they have not done enough to secure their election rolls. It rolls back a Biden order that directs government departments and employees to undertake activities to get out the vote.

Trump’s move echoes a decades-long Republican push that, according to critics, places restrictions on low-income and minority voters. During the election Trump also alleged — without evidence — that Democrats were trying to register undocumented immigrants and ineligible voters for an edge.

Order the Treasury Department to centralize and modernize payment systems.

In line with his other orders targeting government waste, Trump and DOGE say — with little proof — there’s large-scale fraud across agencies.

Orders the Treasury Department to phase out paper checks and use electronic payments where possible.

Trump said the move was designed to help root out waste and what he sees as rampant fraud.

Orders federal agencies to share data, and specifically requires the Labor Department to receive “unfettered access to all unemployment data” — which could include jobless claims filed under state unemployment insurance programs that receive federal funding.

This is the latest move in Trump’s crusade against government waste and fraud, which the Government Accountability Office estimates costs the US between $233 billion and $521 billion annually. Efforts may be hampered by legal rulings that limit DOGE’s access to sensitive personal data under the Privacy Act.

The memo makes it easier for the Office of Personnel Management’s ability to fire federal workers for their actions outside of office hours.

Advocates say the White House doesn’t have the authority to give the office this power and only Congress does. It’s another effort by Trump to further control the federal bureaucracy.

Requires agencies to submit a plan within 60 days on how to turn over contracting services and good to the purview of the General Services Administration.

The move is part of a continuing push by Trump to consolidate the federal bureaucracy and manage what he sees as rampant fraud and waste.

Instructs Education Secretary Linda McMahon to “facilitate the closure” of the agency by redistributing key functions to other agencies and to state and local governments.

The Department of Education was created by Congress; only Congress can fully dissolve an agency, which sets up another clash between the president and other branches of government. Trump aims to hobble the cabinet-level agency by reducing its workforce and empowering McMahon.

Ends DEI hiring initiatives in the US Foreign Service, the country’s agency for career diplomats.

This is the latest rollback of diversity initiatives in the government under Trump.

The order creates a National Resilience Strategy and pushes some of the disaster and emergency preparation to the state and local governments.

After wildfires in Los Angeles and continued cleanup from hurricanes in the Carolinas, Trump signaled his desire to move emergency disaster response out of federal hands to states. Trump in an earlier order targeted FEMA for review after he suggested the agency was politicized and wasn’t able to respond efficiently.

Reduces the scope of several federal agencies including Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the US Agency for Global Media — which oversees Voice of American and other news organizations — the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund and the Minority Business Development Agency.

It’s the latest move in Trump’s campaign with DOGE to cut the federal bureaucracy and the number of workers.

The memo asks the US Justice Department to have judges require challengers suing the government to post bond if they prevail in lower courts. This way the administration can potentially recoup money if it succeeds on appeal.

The move is seen by critics as an attempt to stifle challenges to Trump’s many executive orders and memos. 

As part of the DOGE effort, the order requires agencies to review contracts, grant payments and travel expenses, and make them publicly available when possible. It also asks agencies to pause the use of corporate credit cards for one month.

Trump continues to empower DOGE to slash budgets and bureaucracy.

Shuts down or minimizes several agencies across the government. Advisory councils such as those for community banks and credit unions were directed to close within two weeks. Others, such as the US Institute of Peace or the US African Development Foundation, were ordered to be cut “to the minimum presence and function required by law.”

The order is another effort to minimize government spending while taking aim at agencies Trump viewed as partisan.

Requires agency heads to review all regulations to ensure they align with the law and Trump administration policy, and states that DOGE and the White House budget office will develop a new regulatory agenda.

DOGE faces several legal challenges. This order aims to clarify DOGE’s role and the administration’s expectations for agencies.

Calls for agencies to submit regulatory actions for White House review before publication and consult with the administration on their priorities and strategic plans.

Independent regulators have long followed directives by the White House, but their mandate doesn’t require it. This order seeks to change that and rein in agencies — and has the potential to draw legal challenges.

Trump directed government departments and agencies to release “details of every terminated program, cancelled contract, terminated grant, or any other discontinued obligation of Federal funds.”

Trump and DOGE have faced criticism for not disclosing more details about their cost-cutting efforts. DOGE has published some information about its cuts but some of its claims have appeared inaccurate.

Directs agencies to work with DOGE to slash their workforces.

Trump is expanding DOGE’s oversight of the government. More than a dozen lawsuits have been filed to date challenging Musk’s role in the Trump administration and DOGE’s efforts to access agency records and cut federal spending and personnel.

Eliminates a Lyndon B. Johnson-era federal management training program.

Trump said the training program was a hub for bureaucrats and bureaucratic policy that doesn’t support Americans.

Renames the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives. Trump separately named Pastor Paula White Cain as the head of the office.

The office will be tasked with defending religious liberty and coincided with Trump’s creation of a task force to examine “anti-Christian bias” in the US.

Asks agencies to reject any collective bargaining agreements made in the final 30 days of Biden’s presidency that were “executed” but not “approved.”

The order adds to the Trump administration’s efforts to reshape the federal workforce, which have included calling employees back to in-person work and ending DEI roles.

The administration called for suspending billions of dollars in grant funding but rescinded that memo after a court blocked it, though officials said the underlying policy remains in place.

Courts have said the administration is continuing to block funding, despite orders not to.

Reinstates the so-called Mexico City Policy, which requires nonprofits to certify they don’t provide or promote abortion services or counseling to receive US federal aid.

The policy’s status depends on which party controls the White House. It was enacted by Republican President Ronald Reagan, and has since been repeatedly rescinded by Democratic presidents and reinstated by GOP presidents.

Reaffirms the Hyde Amendment, which bans the use of federal money for abortion care.

This is mostly political messaging as the amendment has always been law, but it also reverses Biden policies seen as trying to circumvent its purpose, such as paying for active-duty military to travel out of state for abortions.

Lays out the administration’s argument why DEI violates civil rights law.

Less than five years after George Floyd’s murder sparked sweeping corporate and cultural changes to promote equality, Trump is taking up the conservative backlash that has cast DEI as discrimination against White Americans.

Orders all federal agencies to eliminate work-from-home and return employees to in-person work, with department and agency heads allowed to grant exceptions.

The White House also offered workers the opportunity to resign and take severance but that’s been challenged in court. About 10% of the federal workforce is permanently remote, according to OMB data. Elon Musk has argued that ordering staff back to work will prompt some to quit, helping cut jobs.

Reinstates an order claiming broad authority to reclassify a large number of professional civil servants as essentially political appointees.

Just before the 2020 election, Trump created a new classification of federal workers known as “Schedule F.” Now renamed “Schedule Policy/Career,” these positions are removed from civil service protections, which makes them easier to hire or fire. This order has been challenged in court.

Renames the US Digital Service — an in-house technology think tank within the presidency — as the US DOGE Service.

Gives formal structure to the Department of Government Efficiency, though only Congress can officially create new agencies. There are several legal challenges pending against DOGE and the White House asserts that Elon Musk does not lead the effort.

Freezes hiring for federal employees, except for the military, immigration enforcement, national security and public safety.

This is part of Trump and Musk’s effort to shrink the federal workforce and reverse hiring decisions made late during the Biden administration. It also likely impacts efforts to add IRS staff.

Orders all agencies to pause issuing or publishing any new regulations until after they’re reviewed by the incoming administration.

The Trump administration is seeking to both slash government regulations and reverse Biden’s policies, particularly those relating to the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department.

Makes US policy to recognize two sexes — male and female — which would require agencies to apply to statutes and regulations, and use the term sex, not gender, on official documents, including visas and passports.

Trump made campaign promises to rollback transgender protections. At least one lawsuit is challenging the administration’s refusal to issue passports to Americans with the sex they identify and judges have temporarily halted the transfer of transgender women to men’s prison facilities based on the order.

Terminates DEI efforts and requires agencies to list DEI and “environmental justice” positions for the Office of Management and Budget.

This order aims to remove diversity programs and employees that support related efforts from the federal government. Lawsuits have been filed challenging the termination of grants and the firing of federal workers whose work touches on DEI issues.

Directs agencies to be more efficient in hiring and hire based on “merit” over any other criteria, including gender and race.

Extends attacks against diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs to government hiring processes.

The memo provides the administration’s rationale for politicizing civil service managers.

This is part of the Trump team’s broader efforts to have the executive branch civil service answer only to the president, making it easier to remove employees for political reasons.

Orders up recommendations on how federal buildings can be “visually identifiable as civic buildings and respect regional, traditional, and classical architectural heritage.”

Trump, a real estate developer, has strong opinions on building aesthetics.

Withdraws security clearances for more than 50 former intelligence officials.

Trump is targeting “deep state” officials who had signed a letter suggesting Russian disinformation was behind disparaging stories about Biden’s son, Hunter. It also targets former National Security Adviser John Bolton, whom he accused of releasing classified material in his book critical of Trump.

Directs the Attorney General to review civil and criminal enforcement authorities and intelligence agencies that may have acted politically.

Trump has said the federal charges against him related to Jan. 6 and mishandling classified documents were politically driven, as were the prosecutions of those who stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6. The president has made an effort to rewrite the narrative around the 2020 election and many officials and experts refute his accounting of events. FBI agents are suing to stop any public disclosure of their information in connection with an internal probe into the Jan. 6 investigations.

Orders the Pentagon and State Department to review and reduce regulations around foreign arms sales in order to ease weapon exports.

Historically, Congress has determined whom the US can supply with weapons. Any deregulation could be a boon for defense contractors such as Lockheed Martin or Boeing.

Directs the Secretary of State to reform the US Foreign Service — the nation’s corps of diplomats.

The order is another example of Trump’s tightening control over federal government personnel.

Halts enforcement of a law that bars US companies from bribing foreign officials.

Trump argues that the restriction puts American firms at a disadvantage, undermining their competitiveness and US national security.

Freezes all aid to South Africa and offers to admit White South African refugees.

Trump falsely claimed White South Africans’ rights were being violated under a new land-expropriation law. He also cited South Africa’s lawsuit accusing Israel of genocide as a reason for the aid freeze.

Requires executive agencies and departments to review all funding to non-governmental organizations.

The order is aimed at cutting off funds for overseas initiatives that Trump says aren’t aligned with his administration’s foreign policy.

Denies US visas and blocks access to funds for ICC employees (and their family members) who assist in probes related to US citizens and American allies.

The order was seen as a retaliation by Trump for the court’s decision to issue an arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Withdraws US from the UN Human Rights Council and reviews ties to the global body.

The US hosts the UN’s headquarters in New York and is the organization’s top funder. Trump’s order, which accuses “some of the UN’s agencies” of “propagating anti-Semitism,” brings uncertainty to the future US role in the organization.

Suspends all foreign aid for 90 days. Aid to Israel and Egypt is exempt.

The US spent about $68 billion on foreign aid in 2023, funding everything from military exercises to hospitals. The spending freeze has stalled one of the engines of the country’s geopolitical influence and created an opening for rivals like China. A judge has temporarily blocked the administration from freezing certain foreign assistance funding and stopping work on existing contracts.

Ends US support of the World Health Organization, citing the WHO’s alleged “mishandling of the COVID–19 pandemic.”

Trump’s order cuts the organization off from its largest source of funding, with the US contributing $1.3 billion between 2022 and 2023. The decision complicates the WHO’s global work on containing diseases such as HIV, polio and Ebola.

Directs the DOJ and Homeland Security to publish a list of sanctuary cities. If cities or states don’t comply with Trump’s immigration initiatives, the order threatens to strip their federal funding. Trump instructs agencies to “pursue all necessary legal remedies and enforcement measures” for sanctuary cities blocking his orders.

The order aims to expedite Trump’s mass deportation effort.

Requires commercial vehicle drivers such as truckers to speak English.

Federal law already requires commercial drivers to have sufficient proficiency in English. Trump’s order appears to be responding to some MAGA conspiracy theories that foreign truckers are flooding the US, and that existing standards have not been enforced.

Directs an investigation into Social Security data to ensure undocumented immigrants aren’t receiving benefits. It also asks the agency to confirm recipients over 100 years of age.

Trump and Musk’s DOGE have repeatedly cited widespread fraud in Social Security, but have yet to substantiate their claims (and undocumented immigrants receiving benefits is already illegal). The agency’s own watchdog said that less than 1% of all benefits paid between 2015-2022 were improper.

Orders the military to “take a more direct role in securing our southern border.” It turns over federal lands including the Roosevelt Reservation running along the southwest border in Arizona, New Mexico and California to the Defense Department.

Trump has cracked down on all forms of immigration. This order allows the military to detain migrants crossing the border illegally, though crossings have already fallen to their lowest point in years.

Trump is leveraging a law from 1798 to justify his deportation of Venezuelan gang members. Earlier executive actions declared an emergency at the southern border and said the US was under “invasion” from undocumented immigrants.

The controversial legislation was passed when the US was inching towards war with France, and allows the president to detain or deport citizens of an enemy nation during a declared war or “invasion” or “predatory incursion.” The law hasn’t been used since World War II when it was used to justify holding Japanese Americans in internment camps. Asserting the law in peacetime, as Trump has now done, is an unprecedented move that is pushing the boundaries of the president’s executive power and setting up a potential constitutional crisis. Trump’s actions were put on pause by a federal judge, but the deportations went ahead as planned.

Prohibits US taxpayer money from being used to encourage illegal immigration or undocumented migrants, and directs agencies to look for money that might be used for either of those groups. It also seeks to stop local officials from using federal money for programs that could assist migrants.

While most unauthorized immigrants are already barred from federal welfare benefits, including housing vouchers and food assistance, it remains unclear how agencies managing benefits programs will deal with mixed-status families, including those with US citizen children born to undocumented parents. During the Biden administration the FEMA also oversaw disbursement of roughly $1 billion to local government and non-governmental aid agencies responding to the arrival of millions of migrants at the southwest border.

Calls for expanding an immigration detention facility at the naval base at Guantánamo Bay to house “high-priority criminal aliens” arrested in the US.

The naval base, which has housed terrorism suspects since shortly after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, has also long been used as a temporary detention facility for small numbers of migrants caught at sea. This order broadens the types of migrants that can be held there. One judge halted the transfer of migrants to the base, though the case was dropped after they were deported. Another lawsuit seeks to ensure lawyers are able to communicate with detainees.

Orders officials to make clear that securing the border is part of the military’s mission and that troops must repel “forms of invasion including unlawful mass migration, narcotics trafficking, human smuggling and trafficking, and other criminal activities.”

One of multiple orders that seeks to expand the role of the US military in immigration enforcement. The Pentagon has since sent thousands of troops to the southwest border to help deport migrants and build barriers.

Declares that “the current situation at the southern border qualifies as an invasion.”

The order asserts that the federal government has a responsibility to secure the country’s borders and that the president can suspend entry to “any class of aliens” as needed. In effect, this puts new limitations on workarounds previously available to some migrants seeking to enter the US.

Halts refugee resettlements and ends the asylum process.

The order suspended the US refugee resettlement program for at least 90 days. Restarting it would only come after it is determined that doing so “would be in the interests of the United States.” The order is being challenged in court.

The order seeks to end birthright citizenship for children of people who aren’t permanent lawful residents, including those on legal temporary work or travel visas.

Several federal judges have blocked the order so far. The Justice Department has appealed, kicking off a constitutional battle that could reach the US Supreme Court. Courts have previously interpreted the citizenship clause of the 14th Amendment to mean that being born on US soil — even to undocumented immigrants — guarantees American citizenship to the child.

Revives building the border wall, terminates the CBP One app for declaring asylum and deploys more federal resources to the southern border. Also stops “catch and release,” the policy by which migrants are released while awaiting hearings on their asylum status.

Ending the app, which had allowed migrants to schedule appointments along the southern border, effectively closed legal avenues for most asylum seekers. The order also proposes leveraging a combination of state and federal resources to maintain border security and asks federal prosecutors to aggressively prosecute undocumented immigrants.

Establishes that the country’s immigration laws apply to “all inadmissible and removable aliens” and enables Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Customs and Border Protection officers to enforce their removal.

The new authority expands the use of a fast-track deportation law that allows expedited removal. Immigrants anywhere in the US can be arrested and face deportation without a judge’s order if they can’t prove they’ve been in the country at least two years. Previously, expedited removal only applied to immigrants caught within 100 miles of the border who’d been in the country less than two weeks. A lawsuit is contesting the policy change.

Declares national emergency at the southern border, giving the White House the power to deploy armed forces, including the National Guard.

The Pentagon has sent thousands of additional troops to the US southwest border, supplementing National Guard and reserve personnel already there.

The order aims to send more federal resources to state and local law enforcement and directs the attorney general to explore ways to improve training, raise pay and strengthen legal protections for officers. It also increases the military surplus assets for local law enforcement.

The order rolls back reforms made in the wake of George Floyd’s killing in 2020.

Directs a review of how the Pentagon purchases weapons as well as military weapon programs behind schedule or over budget.

Trump’s efforts to address efficiencies and cost overruns land at the Pentagon. There have been high-profile delays and overruns with the F-35, Air Force One and Navy ship programs.

Orders a review of US shipbuilding, aiming to restore the industry via deregulation, tax breaks and expanded training. It directs agencies to study the US presence in the Arctic. It also dispatches DOGE to investigate how the US Navy fell behind in turning out vessels.

The wide-reaching order is aimed at weakening China’s maritime dominance by offering new funding streams to support American shipbuilding. By singling out the Arctic, the US is also challenging other nations — particularly Russia — with an interest in the region.

Orders agencies, including Treasury and State departments, to impose sanctions and tougher enforcement on Iran over its support for regional proxy groups and its nuclear weapons program.

Trump is returning to the “maximum pressure” campaign he waged on Iran during his first term, aimed partly at cutting revenue from oil sales.

Reinstates — with full back pay — service members who were expelled from the military for refusing to take the Covid-19 vaccination.

The White House said more than 8,000 troops were discharged because of their vaccine status from 2021 to 2023 under the Biden administration.

Eliminates any DEI programs in the military.

This is part of Trump’s broader effort to root out DEI programs across government.

Bans transgender people from serving in the military.

The administration contends that people can’t have a “gender identity” different from their birth sex and banned them from serving during Trump’s first term. Earlier administrations removed barriers to service by transgender troops after determining that they could serve effectively and without undermining military readiness. Multiple lawsuits are contesting the order, reviving a legal fight that courts hadn’t resolved by the time Trump left office.

Orders the military to develop a plan for a next-generation defense shield against ballistic, hypersonic, cruise missiles and other long-range attacks.

The US already has a range of missile defense systems in place. But the Pentagon has struggled to develop a defense shield for all of the US, dating back to President Ronald Reagan’s proposed Strategic Defense Initiative, a space-based system that became known as “Star Wars.”

Designates the Houthis as a foreign terrorist organization.

Trump is restoring the designation on the Yemen-based group, which had been revoked in 2021 by the Biden administration.

Designate the gangs MS-13 and Tren de Aragua as foreign terrorist organizations, as well as Mexican cartels responsible for smuggling drugs across the border. He’ll use the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 to deport members.

While this is intended to give authorities broader powers to target drug traffickers, it also creates unexpected risks for banks and firms operating in Mexico.

Orders US agencies to more stringently vet visitors and those seeking to immigrate, and looks to close travel from certain high-risk countries.

This order has echoes of Trump’s Muslim Travel Ban from his first administration and some civil rights groups say it could be laying the groundwork for similar broad visa actions.