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Housing

Effective Zoning Reform Isn’t as Simple as It Seems

The Biden administration’s housing plan will reward cities that change their land-use policies to promote density. But what kind of zoning reforms really work?

A housing development in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2021. 

A housing development in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2021. 

Photographer: Elijah Nouvelage/Bloomberg

The Biden Administration’s Housing Supply Action Plan, unveiled last week, aims to help close America’s shortfall of almost 4 million housing units and subdue the nation’s skyrocketing home prices. At the top of its list of action items is a promise to provide federal grants as a reward to communities that alter land-use policies to promote density, an approach the administration is already piloting.

But identifying the land-use policies that most effectively add housing is harder than it seems. Mounting evidence indicates that one-off reforms such as eliminating single-family-only zoning aren’t adequate. To make meaningful progress in building homes, municipalities have to do more.