Bill Freund, an academic and author of The African City, isn't naive. He knows there's pessimism about his area of expertise. "For most writers taking on the city as a general premise, Africa hardly features," Freund wrote in 2012 [paywall]. "If anything, African cities are sweepingly dismissed as dystopian."
Still, African cities today are pursuing complex and exciting urban planning projects. Need proof? Look no further than a recent financing program in Dakar, Senegal.