April 13 (Bloomberg) -- Somali pirates vowed to target American and French ships to avenge the death of five colleagues in two recent rescue operations, including the freeing of a U.S. captain yesterday.

“France and the U.S. will encounter unforgettable lessons,” Mohamed Hashi Yasin, a self-declared pirate spokesman, said by mobile phone from the Somali port town of Eyl. “We will treat every country as they treat us.”

U.S. snipers yesterday killed three Somali pirates and rescued American ship captain Richard Phillips, who had been held for five days aboard a lifeboat. Two days earlier, French snipers killed two Somali pirates and commandos stormed a captured yacht to arrest three pirates and free four French hostages. One hostage died.

“We will take quick revenge on American ships if we don’t receive apologies,” Yusuf Mohamed Mahdi, who identified himself as a pirate commander, said in a separate telephone interview today from Eyl. “We will not only target ships and crew in the sea, but also American agencies’ staff in Somalia.”

The French and U.S. operations didn’t deter pirates from striking elsewhere. An Italian tugboat was seized two days ago with 16 crew, including 10 Italians, five Romanians and one Croatian. It’s being shadowed by the Italian frigate Maestrale, which is in the area as part of the European Union’s Atalanta anti-piracy mission, the Italian defense ministry said.

Avoiding Patrols

“It is obviously good news that hostages are being rescued, but it may lead to changes in the way the pirates operate,” said Giles Noakes, head of security at Copenhagen- based Bimco, the world’s largest shipping organization. “Our advice remains that if you don’t need to transit the zone, don’t. And if you do need to, alert the navies in the area, or stay well east of the Seychelles.”

Attacks have surged this past month as pirates struck off the east coast of Somalia to avoid naval patrols in the Gulf of Aden. Pirates have assaulted 64 ships this year, taking 19 of them, according to the U.S. Navy. Fifteen ships and more than 230 seamen are being held by Somali pirates in ports along the country’s lawless coast.

The three pirates holding 53-year-old captain Phillips were shot from the destroyer USS Bainbridge. A fourth pirate was on the U.S. boat receiving medical treatment and was arrested.

Captured Pirate

Omar Jamal, director of Somali Justice Advocacy Center in St. Paul, Minnesota, said Somali press reports identified the captured pirate as 16-year-old Mohamed Abdi from the breakaway Puntland region. The three dead pirates were aged 17 to 19, Agence France-Presse reported, citing U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates.

“The Americans broke the peace process and killed our teenagers aggressively,” Yasin said.

Yasin’s version of events agreed with that of Ecoterra, an East African environmental group, and of an elder reached by phone. In an e-mail, it said negotiations between elders in Somalia and the U.S. Navy stalled because the Americans insisted on arresting the pirates, while the elders preferred to punish them themselves.

Ali Suriyan, an elder in the town of Gara’ad, said elders were waiting for a U.S. boat that was to carry them to the lifeboat to exchange Phillips for the pirates

“As we were waiting, the Americans preceded the decision with this terrible action,” he said.

U.S. Snipers

The U.S. snipers were ordered to shoot because a gun was being pointed at Phillips, said Vice Admiral Bill Gortney, the commander of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command.

“The captain’s life was in immediate danger,” Gortney said by teleconference from his headquarters in Bahrain, adding the on-scene commander “had seconds” to make a decision. The pirates were picked off with three shots -- one each by snipers using night-vision scopes at dusk.

The Maersk Alabama was the first American-operated ship to be seized in hijackings off Somalia. The Alabama’s crew managed to repulse the hijackers when they boarded the vessel April 8.

Phillips agreed to go with the pirates to ensure his crew’s safety.

President Barack Obama had given standing orders for a rescue if Phillips’s life was in danger, Gortney said.

In the case of the French yacht, French Defense Minister Herve Morin said at a press conference that the commandos attacked because they picked up threats that the pirates might execute the hostages.

Four Survivors

The four surviving hostages, who included a 3-year-old boy, arrived in France yesterday. The body of the fifth hostage, Florent Lemacon, 27, the father of the child, will be returned to France later this week. An autopsy should determine if he was killed in crossfire or if he was executed.

Somalia has lacked a functioning central government since the ouster of Mohamed Said Barre in 1991, and pirates are able to operate from its seashore, which is almost as long as the U.S. Eastern seaboard.

Captain Shane Murphy, the Alabama’s second in command, asked at a press conference today that Obama take further steps to combat piracy.

“I appeal to President Obama to use all resources to end this scourge of Somali piracy,” the 33-year-old said in Mombasa, Kenya. “It’s a crisis, wake up.”

FBI Investigation

The Maersk Alabama is operated by the Maersk Line, a Norfolk, Virginia-based U.S. unit of A.P. Moeller-Maersk A/S, based in Copenhagen. The boat is in Mombasa and the crew isn’t being allowed to return home because Federal Bureau of Investigation agents have deemed the ship a crime zone. Murphy wouldn’t give details of how the crew took back control of the boat.

“We remain resolved to halt the rise of piracy in this region,” Obama said in a statement. “To achieve that goal, we must continue to work with our partners to prevent future attacks, be prepared to interdict acts of piracy and ensure that those who commit acts of piracy are held accountable for their crimes.”

About 25 warships from the EU, the U.S., Turkey, China, India, Russia and Malaysia are in the Gulf of Aden to protect a shipping route that carries about one-tenth of world trade.

The Alabama is the first U.S.-flagged vessel hijacked since a maritime protection corridor was set up near Somalia in August, according to the U.S. Navy. Pirates attacked 165 ships last year between Yemen and Somalia, seizing 43 for ransom.

The Norwegian tanker Bow Asir, which was seized in March and released April 10 for an undisclosed ransom, arrived today in Mombasa. Among the crew was a Russian national, and he and the other crew members are “healthy,” Russia’s Foreign Affairs Ministry said in an e-mailed statement today.

To contact the reporters on this story: Hamsa Omar in Dar es Salaam via Johannesburg at abolleurs@bloomberg.net; Gregory Viscusi in Paris at gviscusi@bloomberg.net.

Last Updated: April 13, 2009 13:53 EDT